Topics to study for Exam 2:

1. Side-Effect of Expression
2. Rewrite programs & find output:
   • continue
   • break
   • switch
3. Pass parameter methods:
   • Pass-by-value
   • Pass-by-value-result:
     The time to bind arguments & parameters:
     • Bind them when function is called and fix the binding places
     • Bind them at call and change binding when return
   • Pass-by-reference
   • Pass-by-name
4. Static / dynamic scoping
5. Draw ARI table to find a recursive function's output
6. The three characteristics of Object-Oriented Programming
   Really understand them for each situation.